In Chinese culture, Fulushou (福禄寿) refers to three beloved deities, each representing a core wish in life: happiness (Fu), prosperity (Lu), and longevity (Shou). They are more than decorative figures—they embody ideals of well-being, family harmony, and a life lived gracefully. These figures have a rich history, intertwining folklore, astronomy, and moral teachings, and they continue to hold a special place in households across China.
Fu – The God of Happiness
- Origin
Fu is linked to ancient star worship, particularly Jupiter (the Year Star, Suìxīng). In the Tang Dynasty, Governor Yang Cheng petitioned to protect local people, and his virtuous act led locals to honor him as Fu. - Iconography
Fu is typically depicted wearing an official’s hat and holding auspicious symbols such as a ruyi scepter or gold ingot, representing blessings from heaven. - Symbolism for Women
Fu encourages cultivating virtue, kindness, and inner peace. Happiness is not only about fortune, but also personal and familial well-being.
Lu – The God of Prosperity
- Origin
Lu evolved from the Wenchang stars, which govern rank and career. As the imperial examination system rose during the Sui and Tang dynasties, Lu became a symbol of ambition and achievement. By the Song dynasty, the association with Wenchang stars was solidified. In the Ming dynasty, Lu was also seen as a bringer of children, connecting prosperity with family continuity. - Iconography
Lu is usually portrayed in luxurious court robes, wearing a black gauze hat, and sometimes holding a jade scepter or a young boy, symbolizing advancement, wealth, and family blessings. - Symbolism for Women
Lu inspires personal growth, financial stability, and nurturing family aspirations. It encourages balancing ambition with care for loved ones.
Shou – The God of Longevity
- Origin
Shou is associated with Alpha Carinae (the Old Man Star) in ancient Chinese astronomy. Worship of Shou dates back to the Qin dynasty. - Iconography
Shou is depicted as a white-haired elder holding a long staff with a gourd, while cradling a peach, often accompanied by deer, cranes, or pine trees. - Symbolism for Women
Shou represents self-care, vitality, and graceful aging. It encourages embracing life’s seasons with serenity and strength.
Astronomical Roots
- Fu Star (Jupiter): Its 12-year orbit aligns with the earthly zodiac and symbolizes steady blessings and good fortune.
- Lu Star (Wenchang Palace): A group of stars governing rank, wealth, and scholarly success, inspiring ambition and guidance.
- Shou Star (Alpha Carinae): Rarely visible from the northern hemisphere, representing longevity, peace, and the rare gift of time.
This celestial connection highlights how Chinese culture blends science, mythology, and moral philosophy into everyday life.
Cultural Significance
Displaying Fulushou in the home is more than decoration—it’s a way to embrace life’s core aspirations. They remind women to value happiness through kindness and virtue, seek prosperity with ambition and balance, and cherish longevity through self-care, health, and mindfulness. Stories of Fu bringing blessings, Lu granting career opportunities, and Shou offering long life illustrate how these deities reflect human hopes and values across generations.
Conclusion
Fulushou beautifully capture what many women—indeed, all people—seek in life: joy, security, and a long, meaningful journey. By appreciating their stories, symbolism, and celestial origins, we can find inspiration to live with grace, nurture our families, and cultivate well-being every day.